Limiting dilution
Definition
A statistical cloning approach where cells are diluted to low density to “hopefully” seed one cell per well; commonly used but can be low-efficiency for difficult-to-clone lines.
Why it matters
For scientific teams:
- Simple and low-cost approach to clonal isolation.
- Commonly used instead of droplet dispensing sorting methods (e.g. FACS).
- Limited by low efficiency and uncertainty.
For decision-makers:
- Carries higher risk due to lack of direct monoclonality evidence.
- Often leads to clone attrition and rework.
- Increasingly insufficient for regulated workflows.
FAQ
Q: Why is limiting dilution considered statistical?
A: Wells may contain zero, one, or multiple cells, and monoclonality is inferred.
Q: When does limiting dilution struggle?
A: With low-viability cells, difficult-to-clone lines, or when documentation is required.